Todaro and Smith (2011) proposed in their study that it is a multidimensional process as far as development is concerned, and it comprises positive changes not only in economic growth and national institutions but also in poverty reduction. Modernization theory (MT) is one of the most popular developmental paradigms to have gained admiration from the late 19th till the mid-20th century. This theory is thought to be an extension of another theory called growth theory, which is grounded in Keynesian economics [31]. For justification of MT, the theorists used it as a key social indicator for economic development, which trickles down to the grassroots level of society in the form of plentiful economic and employment prospects. Wealthy and powerful modernized economies usually provide a high-quality of life and modern technology to their citizens. Modernization becomes more favored due to its bold and effectual production methods. Moreover, from the tourism perspective, the modernization strategies of development not only engender foreign capital but also smooth the way for the transfer of technology and create greater employment opportunities than before. The main focus of tourism development is these economic paybacks, and whenever other economic resources trickle down, the tourism multiplier acted as a growth-pole [26].
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H2 Economics 2011 Essay
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Notes: Countries ranked by 2010-2011 International Monetary Fund GDP per capita.+ denotes statistics directly drawn from publications: Netherlands: van Rooij et al. 2011. Financial literacyand retirement preparation in the Netherlands. J. Pension. Econ. 10(4): 527-545;Japan: Sekita. 2011. Financial literacy and retirement planning in Japan. J.Pension. Econ. 10(4): 637-656. Germany: Lusardi & Bucher-Koenen. 2011.Financial literacy and retirement planning in Germany. J. Pension. Econ. 10(4):565-584. Cole et al. 2011. Prices or knowledge? What drives demand for financialservices in emerging markets. J. Financ. 66(6): 1933-1967.
Bar charts should be used when you are showing segments of information. Vertical bar charts are useful to compare different categorical or discrete variables, such as age groups, classes, schools, etc., as long as there are not too many categories to compare. They are also very useful for time series data. The space for labels on the x-axis is small, but ideal for years, minutes, hours or months. For example, Chart 5.2.1 below shows the number of police officers in Crimeville for each year from 2011 to 2019.
In Chart 5.2.1, you can see that the number of police officers decreased from 2011 to 2014, but started increasing again in 2015. The chart also makes it easy to compare the number of police officers for any combination of years.
I would like to be clear about my claims: I think it is imperative to diagnose and rectify conditions of social, political and economic violence, injustice and inequality and name their sources of accountability. And any strong push for real social transformation must be motivated and galvanized by moral visions of what is good and right. I am certainly not arguing that extraordinary political, economic and socially produced suffering does not exist in contemporary life, that moral goodness is impossible or that clarity must be forsaken in political inquiry. Each of these claims would be a melodramatic counter to what I hope to diagnose as a particular problem: the intellectual and political dilemmas that arise when the Manifesto's melodramatic tropes shape contemporary political explanation, when its tenets become normalized in current intellectual inquiry, when its narrative promises become future visions of heroic emancipation. In this vein, I am wary that this essay could itself be interpreted as a product of left melancholy, read as a critique of left melodrama from a position of melancholic self-flagellation against the internalized lost object of moral promise. My hope is that, by attempting to identify the operations of some of these losses, this essay derives from a different place, in which the very working through of loss marks an effort to transform it, in which the refusal to grant moral purity to cherished canonical texts, key modes of inquiry and firm political identifications keeps them open to examination.
The author would like to thank Wendy Brown, Judith Butler, Sam Chambers, The DC Queer Studies Consortium, Steven Johnston, Joel Olson, Matthew Scherer, Suzanne Stewart-Steinberg, Neve Gordon, Elizabeth Weed, Linda Williams and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and conversations on this essay. 2ff7e9595c
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